滾珠絲杠的選型注意事項

Precautions for selecting ball screws

滾珠絲杠作為現代自動化機械不可或缺的一個重要零件，在選型、使用和安裝方法及維護上需要注意什么問題呢？

As an indispensable and important component of modern automation machinery, what issues should be paid attention to in the selection, use, installation methods, and maintenance of ball screws?

今天，來討論一下滾珠絲杠的選型過程中對于滾珠絲杠本身需要注意的主要參數。

Today, let's discuss the main parameters that need to be paid attention to in the selection process of ball screws.

公稱直徑。就是滾珠絲杠的外徑，滾珠絲杠常見的規格有12、14、16、20、25、32、40、50、63、80、100、120，不過請注意，這些規格中，各大滾珠絲杠廠家一般只備16-50的貨，也就是說，其他直徑大部分都是期貨。滾珠絲杠公稱直徑和負載基本成正比，滾珠絲杠直徑越大負載越大，具體數值參考廠家樣本。

Nominal diameter. It is the outer diameter of the ball screw. Common specifications for ball screws include 12, 14, 16, 20, 25, 32, 40, 50, 63, 80, 100, and 120. However, please note that among these specifications, major ball screw manufacturers generally only stock 16-50 sizes, which means that most other diameters are futures. The nominal diameter of the ball screw is basically proportional to the load, and the larger the diameter of the ball screw, the greater the load. Please refer to the manufacturer's sample for specific values.

導程。滾珠絲杠導程也稱螺距，就是螺桿每旋轉一周螺母直線運動的距離，常見的滾珠絲杠導程有1、2、4、6、8、10、16、20、25、32、40，中小導程現貨產品一般只有5、10，大導程一般有1616、2020、2525、3232、4040（四位數字前兩位是滾珠絲杠直徑，后兩位是滾珠絲杠導程），其他規格廠家大多來單生產。滾珠絲杠導程與直線速度有關，在輸入轉速一定的情況下，導程越大速度越快。

Lead. Ball screw lead, also known as pitch, is the distance that the nut moves in a straight line for each rotation of the screw. Common ball screw leads include 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 16, 20, 25, 32, and 40. Small and medium-sized lead products are generally only available in stock at 5 and 10, while large lead products generally include 1616, 2020, 2525, 3232, and 4040 (the first two digits of the four digits are the diameter of the ball screw, and the last two digits are the lead of the ball screw). Most manufacturers of other specifications produce them individually. The lead of a ball screw is related to its linear velocity. At a constant input speed, the larger the lead, the faster the speed.

長度。滾珠絲杠長度有兩個概念，一個是滾珠絲杠全長。另一個是滾珠絲杠螺紋長度。螺紋長度=有效行程+螺母長度+設計余量（如果需要安裝防護罩，還要考慮防護罩壓縮后的長度）。

Length. There are two concepts for the length of a ball screw, one is the total length of the ball screw. The other is the thread length of the ball screw. Thread length=effective travel+nut length+design allowance (if a protective cover needs to be installed, the compressed length of the protective cover should also be considered).

螺母形式。滾珠絲杠螺母形式有以下幾種，按法蘭形式分大約有圓法蘭、單切邊法蘭、雙切邊法蘭和無法蘭幾種；按螺母長度分有單螺母和雙螺母。在滾珠絲杠安裝尺寸和性能允許的情況下，設計者在選用時盡量選擇常規形式。

Nut form. There are several forms of ball screw nuts, which can be roughly divided into circular flange, single cut edge flange, double cut edge flange, and non flange according to the flange form; According to the length of the nut, there are single nuts and double nuts. When the installation size and performance of ball screws allow, designers should try to choose conventional forms when selecting.

精度。滾珠絲杠按GB分類有P類和T類，即傳動類和定位類，滾珠絲杠精度等級有1、2、3、4幾種，國外產品則以C0~C10或具體數值表示，滾珠絲杠精度和價格關聯性很大，并且精度的概念是組合和維持，螺桿的導程誤差不能說明整套滾珠絲杠的誤差，出廠精度合格不能說明額定使用壽命內都維持這個精度。這個與滾珠絲杠生產廠家的生產工藝有關。

Accuracy. Ball screws are classified into P and T categories according to GB, namely transmission and positioning. There are several accuracy levels for ball screws, such as 1, 2, 3, and 4. For foreign products, they are represented by C0~C10 or specific values. The accuracy of ball screws is closely related to their price, and the concept of accuracy is combination and maintenance. The lead error of the screw cannot explain the error of the entire set of ball screws, and qualified factory accuracy cannot indicate that this accuracy will be maintained throughout the rated service life. This is related to the production process of the ball screw manufacturer.

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